Passive Voice
Passive Voice (কর্মবাচ্য)
Introductionভূমিকা
In the passive voice, we put the action — not the doer — first: 'The meal is cooked' instead of 'The chef cooks the meal.' It is common in news, science and formal writing, and it is easy once you know the pattern.
Passive voice-এ আমরা কর্তা নয়, কাজটিকে সামনে আনি: 'The chef cooks the meal.'-এর বদলে 'The meal is cooked.' সংবাদ, বিজ্ঞান ও আনুষ্ঠানিক লেখায় এর ব্যবহার বেশি, আর নিয়মটি জানলে এটি সহজ।
Definitionসংজ্ঞা
The passive voice is formed with the verb 'be' (in the right tense) plus the past participle of the main verb: 'is written', 'was built', 'has been done'.
Passive voice গঠিত হয় সঠিক tense-এ 'be' + মূল verb-এর past participle দিয়ে: 'is written', 'was built', 'has been done'।
Bangla Explanationবাংলা ব্যাখ্যা
Active voice-এ কর্তা (subject) কাজটি করে; passive voice-এ কর্মের ওপর জোর দেওয়া হয় এবং কর্ম (object) বাক্যের শুরুতে subject হয়ে যায়। গঠন: object + সঠিক tense-এ be (am/is/are/was/were/been) + verb-এর past participle (V3) + (by + কর্তা)। উদাহরণ — Active: 'The chef cooks the meal.' Passive: 'The meal is cooked by the chef.' মূল বাক্যের tense অনুযায়ী be বদলায়: present → is/are cooked, past → was/were cooked, present perfect → has/have been cooked, future → will be cooked। কর্তা অজানা বা গুরুত্বহীন হলে 'by …' অংশটি বাদ দেওয়া যায়। মনে রাখবেন — শুধু transitive verb (যার একটি object আছে) passive হতে পারে।
Examplesউদাহরণ
- English is spoken all over the world.সারা বিশ্বে ইংরেজি বলা হয়।
- The letter was written yesterday.চিঠিটি গতকাল লেখা হয়েছিল।
- The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan.তাজমহল শাহজাহান কর্তৃক নির্মিত হয়েছিল।
- Rice is grown in Bangladesh.বাংলাদেশে ধান চাষ করা হয়।
- The homework has been finished.বাড়ির কাজটি শেষ করা হয়েছে।
- The road will be repaired next week.আগামী সপ্তাহে রাস্তাটি মেরামত করা হবে।
Common Mistakesসাধারণ ভুল
The cake was ate by the children.
The cake was eaten by the children.
The passive needs the past participle (eaten), not the past simple (ate).
This song is sing by many singers.
This song is sung by many singers.
Use the past participle (sung) after the 'be' verb, not the base form.
The window broke by the boy.
The window was broken by the boy.
A passive sentence needs a form of 'be' (was) before the past participle.
Tipsটিপস
- The passive is 'be' in the right tense + the past participle (V3) — get the participle right first. — Passive হলো সঠিক tense-এ 'be' + past participle (V3) — আগে সঠিক participle বসান।
- Keep the tense of the original active sentence when you change it to passive. — Active-কে passive করার সময় মূল বাক্যের tense অপরিবর্তিত রাখুন।
- Use 'by' only when the doer matters; very often we leave it out. — কর্তা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ হলেই 'by' ব্যবহার করুন; অনেক সময় তা বাদ দেওয়া হয়।
Quizকুইজ
Tap an answer to check yourself — a free preview of the full graded quiz in the app.
1. Change to passive: 'They clean the office every day.'
2. Choose the correct passive sentence.
3. Change to passive: 'Someone has stolen my bike.'
4. Which verb can be made passive?
Practiceঅনুশীলন
Try each one, then reveal the answer.
1. Make it passive: 'Farmers grow rice here.' → Rice ___ here.
Hint: present simple passive: is + V3
2. Make it passive: 'The teacher explained the lesson.' → The lesson ___ by the teacher.
Hint: past simple passive: was + V3
3. Complete: 'The bridge ___ (repair) next month.'
Hint: future passive: will be + V3
Related Lessonsসম্পর্কিত পাঠ
- Present Perfect TenseLearn the present perfect tense in Bangla and English: the have/has + past participle rule, when to use it, real examples, common mistakes and a free quiz.
- Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)Reported speech (indirect speech) in Bangla and English: tense backshift, pronoun and time changes, reporting questions and commands, with examples and a quiz.
- Present Simple TenseThe present simple tense in Bangla and English: how to use it for habits and facts, the -s/-es rule, questions and negatives, examples, mistakes and a free quiz.
AI Practiceএআই অনুশীলন
Practise this topic in a real conversation with your AI teacher — it asks questions, corrects you gently, and adapts to your level, all inside EnglishBD.
Practise with the AI teacher →Frequently Asked Questionsসাধারণ জিজ্ঞাসা
How do you form the passive voice?
Use the verb 'be' in the same tense as the active sentence, followed by the past participle (V3): 'The meal is cooked', 'The letter was sent', 'The work has been done'.
When should I use the passive voice?
Use it when the action matters more than the doer, when the doer is unknown or obvious, or in formal and scientific writing, for example 'The samples were tested'.
Can every verb be made passive?
No. Only transitive verbs (verbs that take an object) can be passive. Intransitive verbs such as 'sleep', 'arrive' and 'happen' cannot be turned into the passive.