Irregular Verbs in English (V1, V2, V3)
Irregular Verb (নিয়মবহির্ভূত ক্রিয়ার তিন রূপ)
Introductionভূমিকা
Most English verbs make their past form by adding -ed: work, worked, worked. Irregular verbs do not — they change shape instead: go, went, gone; buy, bought, bought; cut, cut, cut. There is no rule that produces these forms, so they have to be learned, but they fall into three easy groups that cut the work down a lot.
বেশিরভাগ ইংরেজি verb-এর past রূপ হয় -ed যোগ করে: work, worked, worked। Irregular verb সেই নিয়ম মানে না, রূপই বদলে যায় — go, went, gone; buy, bought, bought; cut, cut, cut। কোনো সূত্র দিয়ে এগুলো বানানো যায় না, শিখে নিতে হয়; তবে তিনটি দলে ভাগ করে নিলে কাজটা অনেক কমে যায়।
Definitionসংজ্ঞা
An irregular verb is a verb whose past simple (V2) and past participle (V3) are not formed by adding -ed. 'V1' is the base form (go), 'V2' is the past simple (went) and 'V3' is the past participle (gone).
যে verb-এর past simple (V2) আর past participle (V3) -ed যোগ করে হয় না, সেটাই irregular verb। V1 মানে মূল রূপ (go), V2 মানে past simple (went), আর V3 মানে past participle (gone)।
Bangla Explanationবাংলা ব্যাখ্যা
প্রথমে জেনে নিন কোন রূপ কোথায় বসে, কারণ ভুলটা মূলত এখানেই হয়। V1 বসে present tense-এ আর did/do/does/will/can-এর পরে: 'I go', 'He did not go', 'She will go'। V2 বসে শুধু past simple-এ, একা: 'I went to Khulna last week'। V3 কখনো একা মূল verb হয়ে বসে না — তার আগে have/has/had লাগে, নয়তো is/am/are/was/were লাগে: 'I have gone', 'The letter was written'। এবার তিনটি দল। দল ১ — তিন রূপই এক: cut, put, let, hurt, hit, shut, cost, set, spread, read (বানান এক, কিন্তু উচ্চারণ বদলায় — past-এ 'রেড')। দল ২ — শেষ দুটি রূপ এক: buy-bought-bought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught, think-thought-thought, sell-sold-sold, tell-told-told, find-found-found, make-made-made, say-said-said, pay-paid-paid, sit-sat-sat, feel-felt-felt, keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, leave-left-left, meet-met-met, win-won-won, stand-stood-stood, understand-understood-understood, have-had-had। দল ৩ — তিন রূপই আলাদা: go-went-gone, do-did-done, eat-ate-eaten, take-took-taken, give-gave-given, write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, drive-drove-driven, know-knew-known, see-saw-seen, break-broke-broken, choose-chose-chosen, begin-began-begun, drink-drank-drunk, ring-rang-rung, swim-swam-swum, forget-forgot-forgotten, wear-wore-worn, throw-threw-thrown, fly-flew-flown, grow-grew-grown, fall-fell-fallen। আলাদা করে মনে রাখুন be: am/is/are - was/were - been। শেখার সময় একটা কথা মাথায় রাখবেন — খালি তালিকা মুখস্থ করে লাভ কম, কারণ পরীক্ষার খাতায় বা কথা বলার সময় আপনার দরকার হয় বাক্য। তিনটে রূপ শিখেই সঙ্গে সঙ্গে তিনটে ছোট বাক্য বলুন: 'I write every day. I wrote yesterday. I have written it already.' এভাবে শিখলে রূপগুলো জায়গামতো বসতে শেখে।
Examplesউদাহরণ
- I go to the mosque every Friday.আমি প্রতি শুক্রবার মসজিদে যাই। (V1 — present)
- I went to Cox's Bazar last winter.গত শীতে আমি কক্সবাজার গিয়েছিলাম। (V2 — past simple, একা বসেছে)
- I have gone through the whole book once.আমি পুরো বইটা একবার পড়ে শেষ করেছি। (V3 — আগে have আছে)
- She bought the sari from Islampur.সে ইসলামপুর থেকে শাড়িটা কিনেছিল। (buy-bought-bought, দল ২)
- The teacher has taught us this chapter twice.স্যার আমাদের এই অধ্যায়টা দুইবার পড়িয়েছেন। (has-এর পরে V3 taught)
- The glass fell from the table and broke.গ্লাসটা টেবিল থেকে পড়ে ভেঙে গেল। (fall-fell, break-broke — দুটোই V2)
- My phone was stolen on the bus.বাসে আমার ফোনটা চুরি হয়ে গেছে। (was-এর পরে V3 stolen)
- He did not come to class yesterday.সে গতকাল ক্লাসে আসেনি। (did আছে বলে verb ফিরে গেছে V1 come-এ)
Common Mistakesসাধারণ ভুল
I have wrote the application already.
I have written the application already.
After have, has or had, English needs V3, not V2. 'Wrote' can only stand alone in a past sentence: 'I wrote it yesterday.'
He did not came to the office today.
He did not come to the office today.
'Did' is already the past form, so the main verb goes back to V1. Bangla marks the past only once too — the mistake comes from marking it twice in English to be safe.
The window was broke by the ball.
The window was broken by the ball.
After was/were, a passive sentence needs V3 (broken). 'Broke' is V2 and cannot follow 'was'.
I catched the last bus from Gabtoli.
I caught the last bus from Gabtoli.
'Catch' is irregular, so the -ed rule does not apply. The same trap gives 'teached' for taught and 'buyed' for bought.
She has ate her lunch.
She has eaten her lunch.
Eat, ate, eaten — 'ate' is V2 and 'eaten' is V3, and 'has' can only be followed by V3.
Tipsটিপস
- Learn the three forms together as one chant — 'go, went, gone' — never the past form on its own. — তিনটি রূপ একসাথে সুর করে শিখুন — 'go, went, gone' — শুধু past রূপটা আলাদা করে নয়।
- V3 never works as the main verb on its own. If gone, written, taken or eaten is carrying your sentence and there is no have/has/had or form of be in front of it, something is missing. — V3 একা মূল verb হতে পারে না। বাক্যের মূল verb হিসেবে gone, written, taken, eaten বসালে তার আগে have/has/had বা is/am/are/was/were থাকতেই হবে; না থাকলে বুঝবেন কিছু বাদ পড়েছে।
- After did, does or do, always go back to V1: 'Did you go?', not 'Did you went?' — did, does বা do-এর পরে সবসময় V1: 'Did you go?', 'Did you went?' নয়।
- Learn ten verbs a week inside sentences, starting with the ones you use daily — go, come, eat, take, give, see, do, say, make, get. — সপ্তাহে দশটি verb বাক্যের ভেতরে শিখুন, শুরু করুন রোজ ব্যবহার করা verb দিয়ে — go, come, eat, take, give, see, do, say, make, get।
Quizকুইজ
Tap an answer to check yourself — a free preview of the full graded quiz in the app.
1. Fill in: I have ___ my keys somewhere in the house.
2. Choose the correct sentence.
3. What is the past participle (V3) of 'break'?
4. Fill in: The chair was ___ by a carpenter in Chattogram.
5. Which verb has the same form for V1, V2 and V3?
Practiceঅনুশীলন
Try each one, then reveal the answer.
1. Write the three forms of 'teach'.
Hint: It belongs to the group where the last two forms are the same.
2. Fill in: She has ___ (write) three letters today.
Hint: After 'has' you need V3.
3. Fix the sentence: 'They buyed a fridge last Eid.'
Hint: 'Buy' is irregular — no -ed.
4. Fill in: Did you ___ (see) the match last night?
Hint: 'Did' is already past.
Related Lessonsসম্পর্কিত পাঠ
- Past Simple TenseThe past simple tense in Bangla and English: the -ed rule, common irregular verbs, using 'did' for questions and negatives, examples, mistakes and a free quiz.
- Present Perfect TenseLearn the present perfect tense in Bangla and English: the have/has + past participle rule, when to use it, real examples, common mistakes and a free quiz.
- Right Form of Verb: Rules with ExamplesRight form of verb rules for SSC and HSC: the clue words that decide every answer, 12 rules with Bangla explanation, common mistakes and a free quiz.
Frequently Asked Questionsসাধারণ জিজ্ঞাসা
What do V1, V2 and V3 mean?
V1 is the base form (eat), V2 is the past simple (ate) and V3 is the past participle (eaten). V2 stands alone in a past sentence; V3 needs have/has/had or a form of 'be' in front of it.
How many irregular verbs do I need to learn?
There is no single agreed number, because different lists include different rare verbs. What matters is that a small core — be, have, do, go, say, make, take, come, see, get, give, know — appears in almost every conversation, so start there.
Is 'read' regular or irregular?
It is irregular. The spelling stays 'read' in all three forms, but the pronunciation changes: the base form rhymes with 'need', while the past and the participle rhyme with 'red'.
How do I know whether a verb is irregular?
There is no test in the spelling — you have to know the verb. If you are unsure, check a dictionary: it shows the past and the participle right after the entry when they are irregular.