Demonstratives: This, That, These, Those
Demonstratives: This, That, These, Those (নির্দেশক শব্দ)
Introductionভূমিকা
This, that, these and those are demonstratives — pointing words that show which thing you mean. The choice depends on two ideas only: is it near or far, and is it one or many? Get those two questions right and you always pick the correct word.
This, that, these ও those হলো demonstratives — নির্দেশক শব্দ যা বোঝায় তুমি কোন জিনিসের কথা বলছ। নির্বাচন নির্ভর করে মাত্র দুটি প্রশ্নে: এটি কাছে না দূরে, আর একটি না অনেকগুলো? এই দুটি ঠিক থাকলে সবসময় সঠিক শব্দ পাবে।
Definitionসংজ্ঞা
Demonstratives point to people or things. 'This' (near, one) and 'these' (near, many) point to things close to you; 'that' (far, one) and 'those' (far, many) point to things further away.
Demonstratives মানুষ বা জিনিসের দিকে নির্দেশ করে। 'This' (কাছে, একটি) ও 'these' (কাছে, অনেক) কাছের জিনিস বোঝায়; 'that' (দূরে, একটি) ও 'those' (দূরে, অনেক) দূরের জিনিস বোঝায়।
Bangla Explanationবাংলা ব্যাখ্যা
একটি সহজ ছক মনে রাখুন। কাছে + একবচন = this (এই)। কাছে + বহুবচন = these (এইগুলো)। দূরে + একবচন = that (ওই)। দূরে + বহুবচন = those (ওইগুলো)। যেমন — “This is my pen.” (হাতের কাছে একটি), “These are my pens.” (কাছে অনেকগুলো), “That is a bird.” (দূরে একটি), “Those are birds.” (দূরে অনেকগুলো)। মনে রাখবেন this/that-এর সাথে একবচন noun ও is বসে, আর these/those-এর সাথে বহুবচন noun ও are বসে।
Examplesউদাহরণ
- This is my phone.এটা আমার ফোন।
- These are my shoes.এগুলো আমার জুতা।
- That is a tall building.ওটা একটা উঁচু ভবন।
- Those are my friends.ওরা আমার বন্ধু।
- This book is interesting.এই বইটা মজার।
- Look at those birds in the sky.আকাশে ওই পাখিগুলোর দিকে তাকাও।
- Do you want this mango or that one?তুমি কি এই আমটা চাও নাকি ওইটা?
Common Mistakesসাধারণ ভুল
This are my books.
These are my books.
For more than one near object use the plural 'these', not 'this'.
Those is my bag.
That is my bag.
For one far object use the singular 'that'; 'those' is plural.
These book is new.
This book is new.
A singular noun ('book') needs the singular demonstrative 'this'.
Tipsটিপস
- Ask two questions: near or far? one or many? That picks the word for you. — দুটি প্রশ্ন করুন: কাছে না দূরে? একটি না অনেক? এতেই শব্দ ঠিক হয়ে যাবে।
- This/that go with 'is'; these/those go with 'are'. — This/that-এর সাথে 'is'; these/those-এর সাথে 'are' বসে।
- On the phone, English speakers say 'This is Rina' (not 'I am Rina'). — ফোনে ইংরেজিতে বলা হয় 'This is Rina' (‘I am Rina’ নয়)।
Quizকুইজ
Tap an answer to check yourself — a free preview of the full graded quiz in the app.
1. Choose the correct sentence for two nearby pens.
2. Complete: '___ is my house over there.'
3. Which is correct?
Practiceঅনুশীলন
Try each one, then reveal the answer.
1. Fill the gap (near, plural): '___ are my keys.'
Hint: Near + many = these.
2. Fill the gap (far, singular): '___ is a beautiful garden.'
Hint: Far + one = that.
3. Fix it: 'This are my cousins.'
Hint: More than one near person = these.
Related Lessonsসম্পর্কিত পাঠ
- Possessive Adjectives and PronounsLearn possessive adjectives and pronouns in Bangla and English: my/mine, your/yours, his, her/hers, our/ours, their/theirs, with examples and a free quiz.
- Present Simple TenseThe present simple tense in Bangla and English: how to use it for habits and facts, the -s/-es rule, questions and negatives, examples, mistakes and a free quiz.
- Present Continuous TenseLearn the present continuous tense in Bangla and English: the am/is/are + verb-ing rule for actions happening now, spelling, questions, negatives, examples and a free quiz.
AI Practiceএআই অনুশীলন
Practise this topic in a real conversation with your AI teacher — it asks questions, corrects you gently, and adapts to your level, all inside EnglishBD.
Practise with the AI teacher →Frequently Asked Questionsসাধারণ জিজ্ঞাসা
What is the difference between this and these?
'This' points to one thing that is near you; 'these' points to more than one thing that is near you. This pen / these pens.
When do I use that and those?
Use 'that' for one thing far from you and 'those' for many things far from you: that house, those houses.
Do demonstratives change with the verb?
Yes. This and that take the singular verb 'is'; these and those take the plural verb 'are'.