Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives (তুলনামূলক ও সর্বোচ্চ বিশেষণ)
Introductionভূমিকা
We use comparative and superlative adjectives to compare things. The comparative compares two things (taller, more expensive), and the superlative picks out one from a group of three or more (tallest, the most expensive). They are essential for describing the world around you in natural English.
কোনো কিছু তুলনা করতে আমরা comparative ও superlative adjective ব্যবহার করি। Comparative দুটি জিনিস তুলনা করে (taller, more expensive), আর superlative তিন বা তার বেশি জিনিসের মধ্যে একটিকে আলাদা করে দেখায় (tallest, the most expensive)। স্বাভাবিক ইংরেজিতে চারপাশের জগৎ বর্ণনা করতে এগুলো অপরিহার্য।
Definitionসংজ্ঞা
A comparative adjective compares two people or things and is formed with -er or 'more' (older, more careful). A superlative adjective shows the highest degree among three or more and is formed with -est or 'most', usually with 'the' (the oldest, the most careful).
Comparative adjective দুটি ব্যক্তি বা জিনিস তুলনা করে এবং -er বা 'more' দিয়ে তৈরি হয় (older, more careful)। Superlative adjective তিন বা তার বেশি জিনিসের মধ্যে সর্বোচ্চ মাত্রা বোঝায় এবং -est বা 'most' দিয়ে তৈরি হয়, সাধারণত 'the' সহ (the oldest, the most careful)।
Bangla Explanationবাংলা ব্যাখ্যা
নিয়ম সহজ: ছোট শব্দে (এক syllable) -er ও -est যোগ হয় — tall → taller → tallest। শেষে -y থাকলে y বদলে i হয় — happy → happier → happiest। বড় শব্দে (দুই বা তিন syllable) more ও most বসে — expensive → more expensive → most expensive। Comparative-এর পরে সাধারণত 'than' বসে — 'She is taller than me.' Superlative-এর আগে সাধারণত 'the' বসে — 'He is the tallest.' কিছু শব্দ অনিয়মিত: good → better → best, bad → worse → worst, far → farther → farthest।
Examplesউদাহরণ
- Dhaka is bigger than Sylhet.ঢাকা সিলেটের চেয়ে বড়। (big → bigger, comparative)
- This is the biggest city in Bangladesh.এটি বাংলাদেশের সবচেয়ে বড় শহর। (biggest, superlative)
- A car is more expensive than a bike.একটি গাড়ি একটি বাইকের চেয়ে বেশি দামি। (more expensive, comparative)
- Health is the most important thing in life.স্বাস্থ্যই জীবনের সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ জিনিস। (the most important, superlative)
- Today is hotter than yesterday.আজ গতকালের চেয়ে গরম। (hot → hotter, শেষ ব্যঞ্জন দ্বিগুণ)
- She is the best student in the class.সে ক্লাসের সেরা ছাত্রী। (good → best, irregular superlative)
Common Mistakesসাধারণ ভুল
She is more taller than her sister.
She is taller than her sister.
Do not use 'more' together with an -er ending. Use one or the other, not both.
He is the most fast runner.
He is the fastest runner.
Short adjectives take -est, not 'most': fast → fastest.
This book is gooder than that one.
This book is better than that one.
'Good' is irregular: good → better → best, never 'gooder'.
Rita is taller then Mina.
Rita is taller than Mina.
Comparisons use 'than', not the time word 'then'.
Tipsটিপস
- Count the syllables: one-syllable words usually take -er/-est, and longer words take more/most. — Syllable গুনুন: এক-syllable শব্দে সাধারণত -er/-est, আর বড় শব্দে more/most বসে।
- For a short word ending in one vowel + one consonant, double the last letter: big → bigger, hot → hottest. — এক স্বরবর্ণ + এক ব্যঞ্জনবর্ণে শেষ হওয়া ছোট শব্দে শেষ অক্ষর দ্বিগুণ হয়: big → bigger, hot → hottest।
- Learn the irregular forms by heart: good → better → best, bad → worse → worst. — অনিয়মিত রূপগুলো মুখস্থ রাখুন: good → better → best, bad → worse → worst।
- Use 'than' after a comparative and 'the' before a superlative. — Comparative-এর পরে 'than' এবং superlative-এর আগে 'the' ব্যবহার করুন।
Quizকুইজ
Tap an answer to check yourself — a free preview of the full graded quiz in the app.
1. Choose the correct comparative: 'An elephant is ___ than a dog.'
2. Complete: 'Mount Everest is the ___ mountain in the world.'
3. Pick the correct sentence.
4. Choose the correct form: 'This exam was ___ than the last one.'
Practiceঅনুশীলন
Try each one, then reveal the answer.
1. Write the comparative of 'easy': ___.
Hint: y → i, then add -er.
2. Write the superlative of 'careful': the ___.
Hint: A longer adjective uses 'most'.
3. Complete: 'Winter is ___ (cold) than autumn.'
Hint: One syllable → add -er, then 'than'.
4. Complete: 'She is the ___ (good) player on the team.'
Hint: good → better → best (irregular).
Related Lessonsসম্পর্কিত পাঠ
- Adjectives and AdverbsLearn adjectives and adverbs in Bangla and English: what they describe, the -ly rule, word order, examples, common mistakes and a free quiz for Bangladeshi learners.
- Present Simple TenseThe present simple tense in Bangla and English: how to use it for habits and facts, the -s/-es rule, questions and negatives, examples, mistakes and a free quiz.
- Present Continuous TenseLearn the present continuous tense in Bangla and English: the am/is/are + verb-ing rule for actions happening now, spelling, questions, negatives, examples and a free quiz.
AI Practiceএআই অনুশীলন
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Practise with the AI teacher →Frequently Asked Questionsসাধারণ জিজ্ঞাসা
When do I use -er/-est and when do I use more/most?
Use -er/-est for short (one-syllable) adjectives and many two-syllable words ending in -y: tall → taller → tallest, happy → happier → happiest. Use more/most for longer adjectives: more beautiful, the most beautiful.
What are the irregular comparative and superlative adjectives?
The most common are good → better → best, bad → worse → worst, far → farther/further → farthest/furthest, and little → less → least. These do not follow the -er/-est rule.
Do I use 'than' or 'then' in comparisons?
Always use 'than' for comparisons: 'She is older than me.' 'Then' refers to time or sequence and is not used to compare things.