Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives and Adverbs (বিশেষণ ও ক্রিয়া-বিশেষণ)
Introductionভূমিকা
Adjectives and adverbs are the describing words of English. An adjective describes a noun (a fast car), while an adverb describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb (she drives fast). Knowing which one to use makes your English sound natural and precise.
Adjectives আর adverbs হলো ইংরেজির বর্ণনামূলক শব্দ। Adjective কোনো noun-কে বর্ণনা করে (a fast car), আর adverb কোনো verb, adjective বা অন্য adverb-কে বর্ণনা করে (she drives fast)। কোনটি ব্যবহার করতে হবে জানলে আপনার ইংরেজি স্বাভাবিক ও নিখুঁত শোনায়।
Definitionসংজ্ঞা
An adjective describes or limits a noun or pronoun and usually comes before it (a beautiful garden). An adverb describes a verb, adjective or adverb and is often formed by adding -ly to an adjective (quick → quickly).
Adjective কোনো noun বা pronoun-কে বর্ণনা করে এবং সাধারণত তার আগে বসে (a beautiful garden)। Adverb কোনো verb, adjective বা adverb-কে বর্ণনা করে এবং প্রায়ই adjective-এর সাথে -ly যোগ করে তৈরি হয় (quick → quickly)।
Bangla Explanationবাংলা ব্যাখ্যা
সহজ নিয়ম: Adjective প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয় “কেমন?” — যেমন a tall boy (কেমন ছেলে? লম্বা)। Adverb প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয় “কীভাবে/কখন/কতটা?” — যেমন He runs fast (কীভাবে দৌড়ায়? দ্রুত)। বেশিরভাগ adverb তৈরি হয় adjective + ly দিয়ে: slow → slowly, careful → carefully। মনে রাখবেন: adjective সাধারণত noun-এর আগে বসে, আর adverb সাধারণত verb-এর পরে বসে। কিছু শব্দ (fast, hard, late, early) একই রূপে adjective এবং adverb — দুই ভাবেই ব্যবহার হয়।
Examplesউদাহরণ
- She is a careful driver.সে একজন সতর্ক চালক। (careful — adjective, driver-কে বর্ণনা করছে)
- She drives carefully.সে সতর্কভাবে গাড়ি চালায়। (carefully — adverb, drives-কে বর্ণনা করছে)
- This is a good idea.এটি একটি ভালো ধারণা। (good — adjective)
- He speaks English well.সে ভালোভাবে ইংরেজি বলে। (well — good-এর adverb রূপ)
- They arrived early and left late.তারা তাড়াতাড়ি এসেছিল এবং দেরিতে গিয়েছিল। (early, late — একই রূপে adverb)
- The music was surprisingly loud.গানটি আশ্চর্যজনকভাবে জোরালো ছিল। (surprisingly — adverb, adjective loud-কে বর্ণনা করছে)
Common Mistakesসাধারণ ভুল
She sings beautiful.
She sings beautifully.
To describe the verb 'sings' you need an adverb, not the adjective 'beautiful'.
He speaks English good.
He speaks English well.
'Good' is an adjective; the adverb form of 'good' is the irregular word 'well'.
Drive careful on the road.
Drive carefully on the road.
The word describing how you drive is an adverb: careful → carefully.
She is a very slowly reader.
She is a very slow reader.
Before the noun 'reader' you need the adjective 'slow', not the adverb 'slowly'.
Tipsটিপস
- Most adverbs of manner are just the adjective + -ly: quick → quickly, careful → carefully. — বেশিরভাগ manner-এর adverb হলো adjective + -ly: quick → quickly, careful → carefully।
- 'Good' is an adjective and 'well' is its adverb — 'a good singer' but 'sings well'. — 'Good' একটি adjective আর 'well' তার adverb — 'a good singer' কিন্তু 'sings well'।
- After linking verbs like be, seem, look, taste and feel, use an adjective, not an adverb: 'It looks nice', not 'It looks nicely'. — be, seem, look, taste, feel-এর মতো linking verb-এর পরে adjective বসে, adverb নয়: 'It looks nice', 'It looks nicely' নয়।
- Some words never take -ly: fast, hard, late and early are both adjectives and adverbs. — কিছু শব্দে কখনো -ly যোগ হয় না: fast, hard, late, early — এগুলো adjective এবং adverb দুই-ই।
Quizকুইজ
Tap an answer to check yourself — a free preview of the full graded quiz in the app.
1. Choose the correct sentence.
2. Complete: 'She is a ___ student.'
3. Choose the correct word: 'The soup tastes ___.'
4. Pick the correct sentence.
Practiceঅনুশীলন
Try each one, then reveal the answer.
1. Choose the correct form: He is a ___ (slow / slowly) walker.
Hint: Before the noun 'walker' you need an adjective.
2. Change the adjective to an adverb: 'happy' → ___.
Hint: y after a consonant → ily.
3. Fill in the blank: She speaks Bangla ___ (fluent).
Hint: Describing the verb 'speaks' needs an adverb: fluent → fluently.
4. Choose the correct word: The flowers smell ___ (sweet / sweetly).
Hint: After the linking verb 'smell' use an adjective.
Related Lessonsসম্পর্কিত পাঠ
- Comparative and Superlative AdjectivesLearn comparative and superlative adjectives in Bangla and English: the -er/-est and more/most rules, irregular forms, examples, common mistakes and a free quiz.
- Conjunctions (And, But, Or, Because)Learn conjunctions in Bangla and English: how and, but, or and because join words and sentences, with clear examples, common mistakes, tips and a free quiz.
- Present Simple TenseThe present simple tense in Bangla and English: how to use it for habits and facts, the -s/-es rule, questions and negatives, examples, mistakes and a free quiz.
AI Practiceএআই অনুশীলন
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Practise with the AI teacher →Frequently Asked Questionsসাধারণ জিজ্ঞাসা
What is the difference between an adjective and an adverb?
An adjective describes a noun or pronoun (a loud noise), while an adverb describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb (he shouted loudly). Adjectives answer 'what kind?' and adverbs answer 'how, when or how much?'.
How do I turn an adjective into an adverb?
Usually add -ly: quick → quickly, careful → carefully. Adjectives ending in -y change to -ily (happy → happily), and some words like fast, hard and late stay the same.
Why do we say 'It looks nice' and not 'It looks nicely'?
'Look' here is a linking verb describing the subject, so it takes an adjective. Linking verbs such as be, seem, look, feel and taste are followed by adjectives, not adverbs.